Anti-diarrheal agents (Lomotil, Imodium, AD, Pepto Bismol) are often used temporarily in treatment for T.D. However, they may be dangerous for those who cannot tolerate aspirin, those who have abnormal kidney function or intestinal disorders.

For severe cases, one of the four antibiotics may be prescribed: Doxycycline, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, or Norfloxacin. The recommended duration of treatment is two - three days unless you have side effects, which could indicate an allergic reaction.

Travelers should always consult a physician rather than attempt self-medication if the diarrhea is severe or does not improve within several days; if there is blood and/or mucus in the stool; if fever occurs with shaking chills; or if there is dehydration with persistent diarrhea.

Hepatitis A is a highly contagious viral disease that attacks the liver and is most commonly spread from person to person and through contaminated food and water. Although hepatitis A is found throughout the world, its incidence is highest in developing countries. Within 3­5 weeks after infection, an onset of symptoms that range from mild to severe may include: fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, jaundice, and lack of appetite. All travelers who have not had hepatitis A infection or vaccination for hepatitis A are at risk of developing the infection. Travelers can prevent contracting the virus by taking the appropriate food and water precautions, receive long-term immunity from hepatitis A vaccine or short-term immunity from human immunoglobulin. The vaccine is a two dose series (initial dose, then 6­12 months later).

Poliomyelitis is a viral illness that can cause paralysis and occasionally death. The risk of acquiring polio is far greater in many countries of the developing world where poor sanitation is a problem. Polio is transmitted by contaminated food and water. Polio has been eradicated in the Western Hemisphere.

Typhoid Fever is a severe systemic bacterial infection and is transmitted via contaminated food and water. Immunization is recommended for all persons traveling to areas where sanitary conditions are uncertain or those anticipating prolonged travel. Both oral and injectable forms of typhoid vaccine are currently available. It is important to follow food and water precautions even after typhoid immunization.

Food precautions

Foods are also potential sources of contamination that can lead to diarrhea. Cooked food that is served hot generally can be considered safe to eat. Raw or steamed shellfish, which may carry hepatitis or typhoid, should be avoided. The only fruits and vegetables that may be eaten raw are those with a thick, intact skin that can be peeled at the table (oranges, pineapples, bananas, melons). Because lettuce is difficult to disinfect, travelers should be advised not to eat salads. Unpasteurized dairy products such as milk, soft cheese, yogurt, ice cream, and cream sauces should not be eaten.

Foods to eat:

	Well-cooked foods, served piping hot.
	Breads, tortillas and other baked goods.
	Freshly-boiled foods such as beans, rice and pasta, served hot.
	Canned foods.

Foods to avoid:

	Leafy or uncooked vegetables and salads. They may have been washed in untreated water or contain bacteria and parasites.
	Fruits, nuts and vegetables, unless they have a thick skin or shell which you have peeled yourself.
	Undercooked or cold meats or fish which can contain parasites.
	Large fish, especially from reef areas may contain toxins.
	Unpasteurized dairy products such as cheese or yogurt are ideal breeding grounds for germs. If you are not sure if a product is pasteurized, ask, or don't use it).
	Food from street vendors or from restaurants that appear unclean.
	Buffet foods, unless you know they are safe.